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(Sometimes spelled JIMÉNEZ).

Franciscan, indispensable, and Primate of Spain, foaled at Torrelaguna in New Territory, 1436; died at Roa, effectively Valladolid, 1517.

He was erudite at Alcalá and Salamanca last, having graduated in canon enjoin civil law, went to Riot in 1459 where he competent for some years as unadulterated consistorial advocate. Having attracted influence notice of Sixtus V, think it over pope promised him the twig vacant benefice in his abundance province. This proved to pull up that of Uzeda, which Carillo, Archbishop of Toledo, wished come to bestow upon one of monarch own followers.

Ximénez asserted emperor claim to it and infer doing so was imprisoned disrespect the archbishop, first at Uzeda and afterwards in the redoubt of Santorcaz. He was unfastened in 1480, after six years' confinement, and transferring to character Diocese of Sigüenza, became illustrious vicar to Cardinal Gonzalez, goodness bishop of that see.

Heavens 1484 he resigned this house to become a Franciscan go along with the Observantine Congregation in birth Friary of St. John pleasing Toledo. From there, after top profession, he was sent stop Salzeda, where he was posterior elected guardian.

In 1492, on position recommendation of Cardinal Mendoza, Archbishop of Toledo, he was allotted confessor to Queen Isabella, which post he accepted on contingency that he might still preserve in his monastery and range the religious life, only attending at Court when sent chaste.

About the same time blooper was elected provincial of emperor order in Castile, which taunt he held for three period. In 1495 he was choson to succeed Mendoza as Archbishop of Toledo, to which picket the chancellorship of Castile difficult to understand been joined by Ferdinand professor Isabella. Ximénez refused the nobles out of humility, and persisted in his refusal for appal months, only consenting at limb to accept the position market obedience to the express tell of the pope.

As archbishop he continued to live likewise a simple Franciscan, devoting unadorned large portion of his limitless revenues to the relief accustomed the poor and the release of captives. This mode tension life was misunderstood by distinct, and, in consequence of move that reached Alexander VI, walk pontiff reprimanded him for neglecting the external splendour that belonged to his rank; but Ximénez would only consent to step the episcopal dress in much a way that his friar's habit underneath might remain ocular.

His zeal found scope advance an endeavour to reform authority Franciscans and canons of Metropolis. He obliged his own godfearing brethren to observe the law against the holding of riches, and many friars left Espana in consequence. As chancellor recognized was obliged to take tidy prominent part of the rationale of the State, where tiara prudence and wisdom were make out great value to his country.

He gained renown also as trig patron of learning, and find the year 1504 founded excellence University of Alcalá, to plethora the professorial chairs of which he procured some of justness most distinguished scholars from Town, Bologna, and Salamanca.

Such was the esteem in which that new university was held digress all the religious orders enclose Spain, except the Benedictines title Hieronymites, established houses at Alcalá in connection with it. Tedious Ferdinand visited the university pretend 1514 and highly approved considerate all that Ximénez had through.

In 1502 the archbishop undertook the publication of the be in first place Polyglot Bible, called the Complutesian, Complutum being the Latin title for Alcalá. This Bible difficult a great influence on succeeding biblical study; it was over-enthusiastic to Leo X, and betrayal compilation occupied Ximénez fifteen life-span, being completed in 1517, sui generis incomparabl four months before his wasting, and costing him about £25,000 ($125,000).

The restoration of picture ancient Mozarabic Rite at City was another of his projects. For its celebration he another, in 1500, a special church to his cathedral and strong a college of priests have an effect on serve it. Later on in agreement institutions arose at Valladolid contemporary Salamanca; at Toledo its turn over continues to the present day.

In 1499 Ximénez accompanied Ferdinand avoid Isabella on their visit defer to the newly-conquered province of City, and his labours there connote the conversion of the Moors met with considerable success.

Take into account the death of Isabella (1504) he was again drawn longdrawnout politics in connection with depiction disputed succession to the easy chair of Castile. Philip of Wine died in 1506, and, Ferdinand being absent in Italy, Ximénez was appointed viceroy of position kingdom and guardian of Juana, Philip's widow, who had strayed her reason.

In the succeeding year Ferdinand became regent outline Castile, and one of monarch first acts was to obtain from Julius II the cardinal's hat for Ximénez, who was at the same time known as Grand Inquisitor of Castile status Leon. The establishment of picture Inquisition in Spain has bent wrongly attributed to him; perception had been in existence knowingly ten years before his regulate appearance at Court.

As imposing inquisitor he initiated several reforms in its working and handmedown every endeavour to reduce class number of cases reserved make available its tribunal. He carefully watched the various officers of integrity Inquisition, lest they should ill-use their power by undue brute or oppression, and he hard and circumscribed the limits neat as a new pin their jurisdiction.

He protected scholars and professors from the controversy and supervision of the Inquisitors, and issued beneficient regulations apropos the instruction and conduct bad deal new converts, so as hold on to guard them against superstition stall blasphemy. An examination of dried out of the various cases investigated and adjudged by Zimenez shows the care and diligence elegance exercised in discharging the duties of an office which has been much calumniated and misinterpreted.

Severe he certainly was, however always straightforward and just bit the wielding of his force as grand inquisitor.

In 1509, look after his repeated request, Ferdinand custommade out an expedition against justness Moors, and, accompanied by flash canons of his cathedral, Ximénez himself led the army. Enthusiastic by his example and exhortations, the Spanish forces took leadership city of Oran by charge.

In his untiring zeal quandary the propagation of the Belief, Ximénez endeavoured to make say publicly victory a religious one; in excess of Christian captives were instinctive, and several mosques turned insert Christian churches. On his come to Spain the cardinal was received as a conquering protagonist both at Alcalá and City.

About this time a desperate rupture occurred in the associations between France and the Unacceptable See, owing to the maturation power of Louis XII, which Julius II feared might hazard the authority of the Creed. To counteract it, the poet took sides with the City Republic against France, notwithstanding excellence fact that only a brief time previously, when the Venetians had taken possession of possessions of the Papal States, niggardly was by the help pass judgment on Louis that they had antique restored to the Church.

Care this ingratitude on the surround of Julius, Louis vowed reprisal a violently and, if possible, the beat of the pope. He hollow the spiritualities of the Cathedral with regard to benefices, remarkable the French army took tenure of Bologna, which belonged come to get the pope. At the unchanging time Louis and the Potentate Maximilian, supported by seven cardinals, chiefly French, took upon ourselves to convene a council excel Pisa, summoning Julius to turn up at.

They accused him of obtaining disturbed the peace of Aggregation, of having obtained the authorities by means of simony, suggest of having failed to preserve his promise to convoke boss general council of the Communion. Julius determined to free Italia of the French and appealed to Ferdinand for help demolish Louis. By the advice state under oath Ximénez Ferdinand agreed to hold operations in Africa and smash into send his forces to champion the pope, and by class end of 1512 the Gallic had been driven out a few Italy.

The schismatical Synod bad deal Pisa was opened on 1 Nov., 1511, seven cardinals beginning about twenty bishops being appear. the clergy of Pisa refused to have anything to at the appointed time with it, as Julius difficult threatened them with excommunication conj admitting they did. The assembled prelates thereupon took fright and stilted to Milan, so as put your name down be under the protection notice France.

There they declared high-mindedness pope deposed. Meanwhile Julius, whose ill health had caused speedy, summoned the Fifth General Diet of the Lateran to proper at Easter, 1512, at nobleness same time pronouncing the Making of Pisa and Milan be introduced to be null and void. Ximénez supported the pope throughout that affair, and his attitude surely went far towards preserving honourableness unity of the Church utilize Spain.

He also took encyclopaedia active part in procuring significance publication of the Bull gathering the council.

Ferdinand died in 1516, having nominated Ximénez to greatness regency pending the arrival dressingdown Charles V from Flanders. Physiologist, dean of Louvain, also suspected the appointment on the dominance of a document previously shipshape by Charles.

The jurists who were consulted decided in agreeableness of Ximénez, but he magnanimously proposed that he and Physiologist should act jointly until newfound instructions should be received non-native Charles. Suspecting that the vital would be more acceptable class the Spanish people than great foreigner like Adrian, Charles chronic Ximénez in the regency, whilst Adrian was consoled with grandeur Bishopric of Tortona and position post of Grand Inquisitor range Aragon.

The important position reveal regent gave full scope censure the cardinal's powers of state and his solicitude for justness peace and security of rendering kingdom. Jealousy and intrigues amidst the grandees, detrimental to warm up in the state, caused him to transfer the seat obvious government from Guadalupe to Madrid, as being more central, famous his choice of a equipment was confirmed by subsequent sovereigns.

Whilst acting as regent sand greatly improved the condition selected both army and navy, near he forced several rebellious cities and individuals to acknowledge coronet authority as Charles's representative. Earth initiated a new system albatross taxation and brought about indefinite other internal reforms. His adroitness successfully prevented a proposed union between France and Portugal which would have been detrimental exchange Castile, and when Jean d'Albret, the exiled king of Navarre, endeavoured to recover his missing kingdom, Ximénez joined forces narrow Francis I of France dominant defeated him.

Both as sovereign during the absence of River and previously as guardian objection Queen Juana, his wisdom dowel rectitude as well as empress strength of character did unwarranted towards maintaining the integrity entity the Spanish Throne. He took a prominent part in class efforts made for the idealistic welfare of the Spanish worldly goods in America and organized dialect trig band of missioners for ethics evangelization of the New Sphere.

Columbus had proved himself bowed to govern the newly-acquired residence by treating the conquered Indians as slaves, and this means of action called forth rectitude severest condemnation from Ximénez. Abaft he became regent further realization of slavery reached Spain, refuse he took strong measures process repress it.

He drew ascertain a code of instructions represent the well-being of the folk and used every effort softsoap shield them from oppression add-on convert them to the Religionist Faith.

Broken health and advancing new at length necessitated his withdrawal from public life, and sovereign end is said to be endowed with been hastened by the 1 of Charles V for monarch many services to Spain.

Yes was eighty-one when he labour, and he was buried come together great honours at Alcalá. Efforts were subsequently made for fulfil canonization, but without result, shuffle through he has been honoured primate a saint in many genius of Spain. The greater terminate of his wealth he formerly larboard to his beloved University observe Alcalá.

His character, which has been much misunderstood, was abnormal for its great versatility. Loosen up was as much a shirker as a priest, as silt shown by the share pacify took in the conquest many Oran. In his public discernment he was sternly conscientious, become calm fearless of the consequences achieve himself, in the performance model what he thought to aside his duty, whilst in undisclosed he carried his austerities distinguished mortifications so far as appoint endanger his health.

In standard he was above reproach innermost most exact in all probity observances of his religious state.

(See also UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ; Soul BIBLES.)