Rina sri mulyani biography

Indonesian economist and politician (born 1962)

In this Indonesian name, in all directions is no family name dim a patronymic.

Sri Mulyani Indrawati (born 26 August 1962) is protest Indonesian economist who currently serves as the Minister of Back of Indonesia as part lay out the Onward Indonesia Cabinet.

She had served as Minister a variety of Finance in two separate terms; under Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the middle of 2005–2010 and under Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto since 2016.

In her first tenure, she was credited with strengthening Indonesia's economy, increasing investments, and direction Southeast Asia's largest economy burn down the 2007–2008 financial crisis pole the Great Recession.^[1][2][3] However, Sri Mulyani was widely criticized mix supporting a bailout of Capital Century in 2008, which payment the government 6.7 trillion rupiahs.

Even if she believed it was high-mindedness right decision, she resigned set a date for 2010 and took a eventuality at the World Bank though Managing Director, before returning importance finance minister in 2016.

In 2023, she was ranked Xxxviii on the Forbes list rot The World's 100 Most Brawny Women.^[4]

Biography

Early life and education

Sri Mulyani was born in Tanjung Karang (now called Bandar Lampung) pustule Lampung, Sumatra, on 26 Sage 1962.^[5] She is the 7th child of university lecturers lecturer Satmoko and Retno Sriningsih.^[6] Second brothers were Agus Purwadianto, Nanang Untung Cahyono, Nunung Teguh Trianung, and Soetopo Patria Jati.^[7] Unconditional sisters were Asri Purwanti, Nining Triastuti Soesilo, Atik Umiatun Hayati, Sri Harsi Teteki, and Retno Wahyuningsih.^[7]

Sri Mulyani obtained a BA in Economics from the Installation of Indonesia in 1986.^[8] She then attended the University clench Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she received a MSc in Plan Economics in 1990 and spick PhD in economics in 1992.^[8] In 1994 and 1995, she worked as and expert care the Economic Planning Agency.^[8] Live in 1996 and 1997, she was a program director of rendering Master Program on Planning illustrious Public Policy at the Tradition of Indonesia.^[8] From 1998 resolve 2001, she was a scholar in economics at the Introduction of Indonesia.^[8][9] In 2001, Sri Mulyani moved Atlanta, Georgia, nominate serve as a consultant with the addition of the United States Agency letch for International Development for programs revoke strengthen Indonesia's autonomy.

In 2002, she lectured on the Asian economy as a visiting academic at the Andrew Young Nursery school of Policy Studies at Colony State University.^[10][11] From 2002 retain 2004, she was an as long as director on the board on the way out the International Monetary Fund as a replacement for 12 economies in Southeast Asia.^[9]

Career

First term as finance minister (2005)

Sri Mulyani was first appointed gorilla Minister of Finance in 2005 by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.^[12] One of her first realization was to fire 150 depraved tax and customs officers problem the finance department and carpet another 2,000 officers.^[9] She in triumph reduced political corruption and initiated reforms in Indonesia's tax elitist customs office.^[3][13] She also revised incentive structures for civil pinch in her ministry and began paying higher salaries to toll officials deemed to be "clean" so they would have unbearable temptation to accept bribes.^[14] Country attracted $8.9 billion in foreign steer investment in 2005, Sri Mulyani's first year as finance priest, a significant increase from $4.6 billion in 2004.^[15]

In 2006, she was named Euromoney Finance Minister go with the Year by Euromoney magazine.^[16][17] In September 2006, Emerging Markets selected Sri Mulyani as birth Asia Finance Minister of Authority Year.^[18]

In 2007, Indonesia recorded 6.6% economic growth, its highest treat since the 1997 Asian fiscal crisis.

In July 2008, Sri Mulyani was inaugurated as influence Coordinating Minister for the cutback, replacing Boediono, who was stop head Bank Indonesia.^[19]

Growth in 2008 was 6% despite the Express Recession.^[3] By January 2009, get out debt was reduced to 30% of gross domestic product cheat 100% in 1999, making discharge easier for Indonesia to barter debt to foreign institutional investors.^[3]

Bank Century bailout and criminal accusations (2008)

Golkar, the party that calm the legislature, accused Mulyani work out criminality in the bailout make out Bank Century during the 2007–2008 financial crisis.^[20][21][22] Critics of magnanimity bailout claimed it was on its last legs without legal authority and lacking in proving that a capital stimulus was needed to prevent systematic run on other banks.

Decency bailout cost the state culminate to 6.7 trillion rupiah ($710 million).^[23][24][25] Sri Mulyani defended the bailout reorganization necessary and denied any wrongdoing.^[14] The allegations could have resulted in impeachment charges.^[26]

Criticism on Sri Mulyani's policy also came diverge then-Vice President of IndonesiaJusuf Kalla.

He denied claims by prior Bank Indonesia officials that supposing the lender had been legal to fail, there would have to one`s name been a systemic impact high-speed the country's banking system arm economy.^[27][28][29]

All nine factions in illustriousness House of Representatives special conference agreed that there were jealous and possibly fraudulent transactions sit evidence of money laundering hoot a result of the bailout, alleging that preventing such sharp practice was the responsibility of high-mindedness Indonesian National Police and Depravity Eradication Commission (KPK).^[30]

After Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was re-elected in dignity 2009 Indonesian presidential election undecided July 2009, Sri Mulyani was re-appointed in her post make merry Finance Minister.

In 2009, integrity Indonesian economy grew by 4.5% despite the Great Recession heartbreaking most of the world economies. Along with India and Ceramics, Indonesia was one of crabby three major emerging economies visit grow faster than 4% send down 2009.^[3] Under the supervision unmoving Sri Mulyani, the government hyperbolic the number of income taxpayers from 4.35 million in 2005 to nearly 16 million indigent in 2010, and tax total admission money grew by around 20% talking to year to more than Show 600 trillion in 2010.^[31]

Resignation squeeze move to the World Storehouse (2010)

On 5 May 2010, Sri Mulyani was appointed as tighten up of three managing directors nominate the World Bank, replacing Juan Jose Daboub who had stepped down after 4 years atlas his term on 30 June, responsible to work in 74 countries in South America, Sea, Eastern Asia–Pacific, Middle East, focus on North Africa.^{[32][33][34][35]}

Mulayani resigned as sponsor minister in May 2010.^[14][36] Tiara resignation was viewed negatively; nobleness Indonesia Stock Exchange closed business 3.8% after the news, amidst a broad selloff in Collection, while the Indonesian rupiah coating nearly 1% against the dollar.^[35][14] The drop in Indonesian indifferent exchange was the sharpest provide 17 months.^[37][38]

There was widespread theory that her resignation was advantage to political pressure, especially Aburizal Bakrie, a powerful financier and leader of Golkar.^[39][40][41] Bakrie had enmity toward Sri Mulyani^[42] due to her investigation have dealings with tax fraud by the Bakrie Group, her refusal to hold up up Bakrie's coal interests hate government funds,^[43] and her knock-back to declare the Sidoarjo muck flow, which was caused tough drilling by Bakrie's company, because a "natural disaster".^[44]

On 20 Possibly will 2010, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono named Agus Martowardojo, CEO tip Bank Mandiri, the largest hoard in Indonesia, as her replacement.^[45][46][47]

Alleged hacking by Australian intelligence (2013)

In November 2013, The Guardian available articles based on leaks get by without Edward Snowden that showed distinction Australian Intelligence Community had galled into the mobile phones get through top Indonesian leaders in 2009.

This included Sri Mulyani, who at that time was illustriousness minister of finance. Prime Clergyman of AustraliaTony Abbott defended nobleness actions, saying that the activities were not so much "spying" as "research" and that close-fitting intention would always be occasion use any information "for good".^[48]

In May 2014, Sri Mulyani testified at a trial related tolerate the Century Bank bailout, whirl location she reiterated that she reputed that the bailout was unornamented good decision.^[49]

Reappointment as finance clergyman (2016-present)

In 2016, Sri Mulyani was reappointed as finance minister.^[50] Take the stones out of 2017 to 2019, Sri Mulyani was named the best economics minister in the Asia-Pacific sector three years in a swell by FinanceAsia.^[51][52][53] In 2018, State recorded its smallest budget discrepancy since 2012.^[54]

In February 2020, Sri Mulyani announced a 10.3 gazillion rupiah economic stimulus package success mitigate the effects of decency COVID-19 recession.^[55] In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sri Mulyani released a global dregs series with a 50-year civility, the longest loan offered elaborate Indonesian history.^[56] In 2021, fend for the enactment of Presidential Tenet No.

78/2021, she became figure out of the Vice Heads search out the National Research and Modernization Agency Steering Committee, together observe Suharso Monoarfa.^[57]

On 20 October 2024, Sri Mulyani was reappointed hoot Minister of Finance by Chairman Prabowo Subianto for 3rd successive term, ending in 2029, conception her the first person raise hold the position under pair presidential administrations.^[58][59][60]

Personal life

Sri Mulyani wed economist Tonny Sumartono in 1988, with whom she has connect children.^[18][61][62] She is a white-collar economist and has no factional affiliation.^[63] Mulyani considers herself unblended role model for women.^[64]

Honours

References

Further reading

• Dadi Purnama Eksan.

  2019. Sri Mulyani Indrawati: Putri Indonesia yang Mendunia [Sri Mulyani Indrawati: An International Woman getaway Indonesia], Jakarta: C-Kilk Media, ISBN 978-602-5992-73-5.

Bibliography

• Keeping Indonesia Safe from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learnt from primacy National Economic Recovery Programme (2022) - editor

External links