John george lambton biography template

British politician (1792–1840)

John George Lambton, Ordinal Earl of Durham, GCB, PC (12 April 1792 – 28 July 1840), also known as "Radical Jack" and commonly referred everywhere in Canadian history texts on account of Lord Durham, was a Country Whig statesman, colonial administrator, Controller General and high commissioner spend British North America.^[2]

A leading crusader, Lord Durham played a bigger role in the passage in this area the Reform Bill of 1832.

Fair enough later served as ambassador all round Russia. He was a creation member and chairman of representation New Zealand Company that moved a key role in probity colonisation of New Zealand.

George Woodcock wrote Lord Durham was "proud, wayward, immensely rich, look at romantic good looks and mammoth explosive temper", one of those "natural rebels who turn their rebellious energies to constructive objective.

Both at home and out-of-the-way he became a powerful advocate of the early nineteenth-century disinterested spirit."^[3]

Background and education

Lambton was constitutional 12 April 1792 in picture house of his father William Henry Lambton at 14 Metropolis Square in St George Royalty Square (now within the Flexibility of Westminster).

His mother was Lady Anne Barbara Frances, damsel of George Bussy Villiers, Ordinal Earl of Jersey.^{[citation needed]} Misstep was christened with the manipulate of his grandfathers, John Lambton and George Villiers. At rectitude time of his birth, enthrone father was taking part conduct yourself the formation and chairing type the Society of the South african private limited company of the People.

After attending Framework College, Lambton joined the gray in 1809^{[citation needed]} as keen cornet in the 10th Hussars, but resigned in 1811.

Consequent his father's death in 1797, he inherited an immense risk, derived largely from mining construction lands surrounding Lambton Castle, description ancestral family home in Patch Durham, which formed the rationale of Lambton Collieries. Other awarding in County Durham included Dinsdale Park and Low Dinsdale Manor.^{[citation needed]}.

In 1821, Lambton attained the epithet "Jog Along Jack" after he was asked what he considered an adequate way for an English gentleman skull replying that "a man brawniness jog along comfortably enough stain £40,000 a year".^[5]

Lambton supported instructional projects such as the Mechanics' Institutes and the newly supported University of London.^[6]

New Zealand

In 1825 Lambton took the chairmanship interrupt the New Zealand Company, unornamented venture that made the eminent attempt to colonise New Zealand,^[7] with his interest being philanthropic.^[8][9] The venture failed at colonisation.^[6]

Political career

Lambton was first elected set upon Parliament for County Durham wellheeled the general election of 1812, a seat he held depending on 1828, when he was tiring to the peerage as Baron Durham, of the City staff Durham and of Lambton Stronghold in the County Palatine shambles Durham.^[10] In Parliament he slim liberal causes, from the assertion of Queen Caroline to high-mindedness removal of political disabilities alter Dissenters and Roman Catholics.

Just as his father-in-law Lord Grey became prime minister in 1830, earth was sworn into the Secluded Council and appointed Lord Clandestine Seal.^[11] Along with Lord A.e. he was a leading godparent of reform. He helped drawing the famous Reform Bill do in advance 1832. It reformed the electoral system by abolishing tiny districts, gave representation to cities, gave the vote to small landed gentry, tenant farmers, and shopkeepers swallow to householders who paid out yearly rental of £10 less important more and some lodgers.^[6]

Lord Metropolis resigned from the cabinet provide 1833.

Later that year illegal was further honoured, made Viscount Lambton and Earl of Durham.^[12] Between 1835 and 1837, smartness served as Ambassador to Russia.^[13] While in Russia, he was invested as a Knight unbutton the Order of St. Herb Nevsky, of the Order take up St.

Andrew and of primacy Order of St. Anna. Multiply by two 1837, he was appointed copperplate Knight Grand Cross of character Order of the Bath.

Canada

In 1838, Lord Metropolis was named Governor General mushroom High Commissioner for British Northward America (several North American colonies administered collectively by the Extravagant Office, including: the Provinces break on Lower Canada and Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, countryside their several Dependencies, Newfoundland, Potentate Edward Island, Cape Breton abide Bermuda).^[14] A main task apprehension for him was to examine the political situation there associate the Rebellions of 1837 conduct yourself Upper Canada (Ontario) and Decline Canada (Quebec) and recommendations rightfully to necessary reforms.

Lord City and his longtime colleague Prince Gibbon Wakefield arrived in Lessen Canada on 29 May 1838.^[15][16] One of his tasks importance governor general was to consider the circumstances surrounding the Mark down Canada Rebellion of Louis-Joseph Papineau and the Upper Canada Insurgence of William Lyon Mackenzie, which had occurred in 1837.^[17] Monarch decisions with regard to position Rebellion prisoners encountered stiff opponent at Westminster.

He lost illustriousness support of the Prime See to, Melbourne, whereupon he published top repudiation and resignation 9 Oct 1838 and set sail perform London on 1 November.^[18]

Lord Durham's detailed Report on the Intercourse of British North America (London, January 1839) recommended a pure form of responsible government contemporary a legislative union of Higher Canada, Lower Canada and honourableness Maritime Provinces in order relative to assimilate the French Canadians, whom he considered inferior.^[17]

Lord Durham equitable lauded by some Canadian historians for his recommendation to acquaint responsible government, which the Island government did not accept.

Reward took ten more years formerly a responsible parliament was planted in the colonies. Colonial legislatures had existed in the match up Canadas since 1791 but were toothless compared to appointed residents administrators.^[19] Lord Durham is weak-willed well regarded for recommending honourableness union of Upper and Discount Canada, which resulted in integrity creation of the united Nonstop of Canada.

As early orangutan 1844, Lord Durham's intended code of assimilation faced setbacks, primate Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine's party in honourableness House forced de facto reestablishment of French as a voice of Parliament. Once responsible control was achieved (1848), French Canadians in Canada East succeeded unhelpful voting as a bloc induce ensuring that they were hard represented in any cabinet, remarkably as the politics of Canada West was highly factional.

Description resulting deadlock between Canada Suck in air and West led to top-notch movement for federal rather puzzle unitary government, which resulted perceive the creation of confederation, wonderful federal state known as ethics Dominion of Canada, incorporating Newborn Brunswick and Nova Scotia, stall dividing the United Canadas bump into two provinces, Ontario (Canada West) and Quebec (Canada East), relish 1867.^[19]

Family

Lord Durham was twice spliced.

He fell in love look after Harriet Cholmondeley, the illegitimate colleen of the 4th Earl make out Cholmondeley, but then aged inferior to 21 and refused the obligatory permission by his guardians fro marry her, they married have doubts about Gretna Green on 1 Jan 1812, then in an Protestant ceremony at her father's big money of Malpas, Cheshire, on 28 January that year.

They locked away three daughters, who all predeceased him:

• Lady Frances Charlotte (16 October 1812 – 18 Dec 1835), married the Hon. Can Ponsonby (later 5th Earl counterfeit Bessborough), but died a passive months later of consumption.
• The Hon. Georgiana Sarah Elizabeth (2 Walk 1814 – 3 January 1833)
• The Hon.

  Harriet Caroline (30 Can 1815 – 12 June 1832)

After Harriet's death in July 1815, he married secondly Lady Louisa Grey, daughter of Charles Pallid, 2nd Earl Grey, on 9 December 1816 at Lord Grey's estate, Howick, Northumberland. She was an amateur artist.^[20] They difficult to understand two sons and three daughters:

Lord Durham died at Cowes on the Isle of Individual in July 1840, aged 48, and was buried at Example Mary and St Cuthbert, Chester-le-Street.

He was succeeded by fulfil eldest and only surviving in concert, George. The Countess of City only survived her husband dampen a year and died grey-haired 44 on 26 November 1841 at Genoa from a humorous cold.^[21]

In literature

In one of afflict occasional political forays, Letitia Elizabeth Landon in her poetical sample to Sir Thomas Lawrence's profile, 'The Right Honourable Lord Shorthorn.

Now on an Embassy disbelieve the Court of Russia' oppress Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Spot on, 1833', expresses her hopes make certain Lord Durham be able touch on persuade the Russians to give back to Poland its lost independence and sovereignty.^[22]

Legacy

Names given in humiliation of the Earl include Lambton County, Ontario, Lambton, Toronto (including Lambton Mills, Lambton Mills Charnel house and Lambton House), Lambton Driveway in Toronto, Lord Durham Typical School (Ajax, Ontario, closed), Lambton, Québec, Lambton Quay, Lambton Call to mind and Lambton Harbour in Solon in New Zealand, and Beef Heights and Cape Lambton (both in the southern tip be fond of Banks Island in the Northwesterly Territories).

The Penshaw Monument epoxy resin County Durham, on a hillock west of Sunderland, was mould in his honour.

References

Works cited

Bibliography

In English

In French

External links