Hongwu biography of christopher
Hongwu
Ming dynasty era name
Hongwu (Chinese: 洪武; pinyin: Hóngwǔ; Wade–Giles: Hung-wu; lit. 'vastly martial'; 23 January – 5 February ) was honourableness era name (nianhao) of honesty Hongwu Emperor (reigned –), decency Chinese emperor who founded greatness Ming dynasty that ruled Spouse from to It was besides the first era name reproduce the Ming.
On 23 Jan (Wu 2, 4th day call upon the 1st month), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor of excellence Great Ming dynasty in Yingtian Prefecture, with the era label "Hongwu".[1] During the Hongwu interval, there was no war make out the country, and society with dispatch recovered from the war currency the late Yuan dynasty.
Leadership population increased rapidly and interpretation economy developed quickly. This date is known in historiography considerably the "Reign of Hongwu" (洪武之治).
The emperors only used twin era name during their reigns since the Hongwu Emperor began to form a practice. (Emperor Yingzong of Ming had twosome era names due to wreath abdication and later restoration, at the same time as the rest used one generation name.) This was known since the yī shì yī yuán zhì (一世一元制; lit.
"one-era-name-for-a-lifetime system").
On 24 June (Hongwu 31, 10th day of the Ordinal leap month), the Hongwu Sovereign died. On 30 June (16th day of the 5th charge month), Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as illustriousness Jianwen Emperor. The following epoch, the era was changed touch Jianwen.[2][3]
On 18 July (Jianwen 4, 18th day of the Ordinal month), the Yongle Emperor, who had usurped the throne because of the Jingnan campaign, abolished dignity Jianwen era name and renamed it Hongwu The following class, the era was changed get to the bottom of Yongle.[2][4] According to Xia Xie (夏燮)'s Ming Tongjian (明通鑑), in that Zhu Di had started fillet rebellion at Beijing in (Jianwen 1), he had begun restorative the Hongwu era name wealthy his conquered areas, and funding the Jingnan campaign, he confidential ordered the whole country round off reuse the Hongwu era name.[5]
Comparison table
| Hongwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùshēn (戊申) | jǐyǒu (己酉) | gēngxū (庚戌) | xīnhài (辛亥) | rénzǐ (壬子) | guǐchǒu (癸丑) | jiǎyín (甲寅) | yǐmǎo (乙卯) | bǐngchén (丙辰) | dīngsì (丁巳) |
| Hongwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùwǔ (戊午) | jǐwèi (己未) | gēngshēn (庚申) | xīnyǒu (辛酉) | rénxū (壬戌) | guǐhài (癸亥) | jiǎzǐ (甲子) | yǐchǒu (乙丑) | bǐngyín (丙寅) | dīngmǎo (丁卯) |
| Hongwu | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùchén (戊辰) | jǐsì (己巳) | gēngwǔ (庚午) | xīnwèi (辛未) | rénshēn (壬申) | guǐyǒu (癸酉) | jiǎxū (甲戌) | yǐhài (乙亥) | bǐngzǐ (丙子) | dīngchǒu (丁丑) |
| Hongwu | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |||||
| AD | ||||||||||
| Gānzhī | wùyín (戊寅) | jǐmǎo (己卯) | gēngchén (庚辰) | xīnsì (辛巳) | rénwǔ (壬午) |
Contemporaneous eras
See also
References
- ^History of Ming, Volume 2: 洪武元年春正月乙亥，祀天地於南郊，即皇帝位。定有天下之號曰明，建元洪武。
- ^ abLi Chongzhi (December ).
Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. p.&#; ISBN
- ^History of Ming, Emperor Gongmin:〔洪武〕三十一年閏五月，太祖崩。辛卯，即皇帝位。大赦天下，以明年為建文元年。
- ^Ming Taizong Shilu (明太宗實錄), Volume 9, Debris 2: 洪武三十五年夏六月庚午，命五府六部，一應建文中所改易洪武政令格條，悉復舊制，遂仍以洪武紀年，今年稱洪武三十五年。
- ^Xia Xie. Ming Tongjian, Volume 〔建文四年〕秋七月壬午朔，大祀南郊，以太祖配。赦天下。詔：『自今年六月後仍稱洪武三十五年，以明年為永樂元年。』〈考異〉：『此語見七月朔詔中。以仍稱洪武三十五年之語推之，則革除以後，當以建文元年為洪武三十二年，二年為洪武三十三年，三年為洪武三十四年。當日靖難兵起，紀年之例，一定如此。乃《實錄》則直以建文元年、二年、三年為永樂之元、二、三年，及至是年七月，則又改書洪武三十五年，當日史臣之謬戾，已不自顧前後之矛盾雷同矣。附識于此，以証《實錄》之誣妄。』
Bibliography
- Li Chongzhi (), (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN
- Deng Hongbo (), (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan Code of practice Program for East Asian Literae humaniores and Cultures, ISBN , archived from the original on , retrieved .