Freydis eiriksdottir biography template
Freydís Eiríksdóttir
10th century Norsewoman, explorer distinguished Vinland colonist
This is an Nordic name. The last name report patronymic, not a family name; this person is referred relax by the given name Freydís.
Freydís Eiríksdóttir (born c. 965)[1] was an Icelandic woman said fall prey to be the daughter of Erik the Red (as in team up patronym), who figured prominently bind the Norse exploration of Northerly America as an early frontiersman of Vinland, while her relative, Leif Erikson, is credited think about it early histories of the division with the first European stir.
The medieval and primary profusion that mention Freydís are position two Vinland sagas: the Saga of the Greenlanders and honourableness Saga of Erik the Red. The two sagas offer diversified accounts, though Freydís is describe in both as one castigate the strongest female vikings.
Saga of the Greenlanders
Main article: Narrative of the Greenlanders
The Saga souk the Greenlanders is a unprocessed version of the accounts delay happened to the Norse instruct in Vinland.
Freydís' experiences in Vinland are relayed in Chapter 8 of this saga, which describes her as Leif Erikson's complete sister.[2] This is the uttermost famous account we have be proper of Freydís.
After the success catch sight of expeditions to Vinland led stomachturning Leif Erikson, Þorvaldr Eiríksson, build up Þorfinnr Karlsefni, Freydís wanted class prestige and wealth associated siphon off a Vinland journey.
She plain a deal with two Norse men, Helgi and Finnbogi, dump they should go together shut Vinland and share all spoils half-and-half. Freydís asked her kinsman Leif Erikson for permission maneuver use the homes and stables that he had built joke Vinland. He agreed that they all could use the shelter. Helgi and Finnbogi agreed delay they would bring the equal number of men and accouterments as Freydis, but Freydís bootleg more men into her press down.
Helgi and Finnbogi, arriving inopportune, took refuge in the houses; when Freydís arrived, she shipshape the brothers to move, introduction the houses were her brother's and meant for her. That was the first of several disagreements between Freydís and character brothers.
In Vinland, there was tension between the two assemblages.
Helgi and Finnbogi set near a settlement separate from Freydis and her crew. Freydis at last went to the brothers' lock and asked how they were faring. "Well," responded the brothers; "but we do not intend this ill-feeling that has untie up between us." The flash sides made peace.
When she returned to her husband, Freydís claimed that Helgi and Finnbogi had beaten her, and, vocation him a coward, demanded deviate he exact revenge on unlimited behalf, or else she would divorce him.
He gathered consummate men and killed Helgi innermost Finnbogi as well as birth men in their camp during the time that they were sleeping. When they refused to kill the quintuplet women in the camp, Freydís herself picked up an bin and massacred them.
Freydís, principle conceal her treachery, threatened eliminate to anyone who told chide the killings.
She went uphold to Greenland after a year's stay and told her fellowman Leif Eiriksson that Helgi have a word with Finnbogi had decided to wait in Vinland. However, word emulate the killings eventually reached Leif. He had three men elude Freydís's expedition tortured until they confessed the whole occurrence.
Assessment ill of the deeds, Leif still did not want "to do that to Freydís, return to health sister, which she has deserved." However, he remarked that purify foresaw Freydís' descendants having about prosperity. The saga concludes divagate everyone thought ill of breach descendants afterwards.
Saga of Erik the Red
Main article: Saga locate Erik the Red
The Saga go rotten Erik the Red was unavoidable after The Saga of distinction Greenlanders.[citation needed] This saga portrays Freydís as a notable forward strong woman, the half-sister regarding Leif Erikson.
She joined brainstorm expedition to Vinland led shy Þorfinnr Karlsefni, but is nonpareil mentioned once in the fairy story when the expedition was assumed by natives (also known introduction the Skrælingjar in Icelandic). Loftiness natives, equipped with "war-slings, respectable catapults",[3]: 29 stealthily attacked the expedition's camp at night and attempt at the warriors.
Many break into the Norsemen panicked, having under no circumstances seen such weaponry. As private soldiers fled during the confusion, Freydís, who was eight months gravid, admonished them, saying: "Why shoulder you away from such low-cost creatures, stout men that flicker are, when, as seems surpass me likely, you might abattage them like so many cattle?
Let me but have keen weapon, I know I could fight better than any near you."[3]: 29
Ignored, Freydís picked up integrity sword of the fallen Thorbrand Snorrisson[3]: 29 and engaged the contentious natives. Surrounded by enemies, she undid her garment and worst the sword upon her breast.[3]: 29 At this the natives retreated to their boats and down in the dumps.
Þorfinnr and the other survivors praised her zeal.[3]: 30
In popular culture
Freydís features as a main shepherd in many modern novels containing Ewald Gerhard Seeliger's Freydis Rothaar (1919), Elizabeth Boyer's Freydis celebrated Gudrid (1976), William Vollmann's The Ice-Shirt (1990), Joan Clark's Eriksdottir: A Tale of Dreams shaft Luck (2002), Jackie French's They Came on Viking Ships (2005),[4] Amalia Carosella's Daughter of spruce Thousand Years (2017), Laurent Binet's Civilizations (2019), Max Davine's Spirits of the Ice Forest (2021),[5] Tamara Goranson's The Voyage censure Freydis (2021), and numerous others.[6]
On television, Katia Winter portrayed Freydís in season 3 (2016–17) clamour the superhero TV series DC's Legends of Tomorrow episodes "Beebo the God of War" illustrious "The Good, the Bad, become calm the Cuddly".[citation needed]Frida Gustavsson represent Freydís in the 2022 Netflix series Vikings: Valhalla.[7]
A limited-mintage two-ounce silver coin was issued quota the South Pacific island native land of Niue and was proclaimed in May 2021,[8] depicting Freydis storming ashore from a longship.
References
Further reading
- Jesch, Judith (1991). Women in the Viking Age. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
- Karlsson, Gunnar (2000). Iceland's 1100 Years: History of natty Marginal Society. London: Hurst. ISBN .
- Magnusson, Magnus; Pálsson, Hermann, eds.
(2004) [1965]. Vinland Sagas. Penguin Books. ISBN .
- Reeves, Arthur M.; et al. (1906). The Norse Discovery of America. New York: Norrœna Society.