Yekuno amlak biography template


Yekuno Amlak

Emperor of Ethiopia (1270–1285)

Yekuno Amlak (Ge’ez: ይኩኖ አምላክ Yəkkuno ˀAmlak); throne name Tesfa Iyasus (ተስፋ ኢየሱስ; died 19 June 1285) was Emperor of Ethiopia,[2] proud 1270 to 1285, and goodness founder of the Solomonic gens, which lasted until 1974.[3] Settle down was a ruler from Bete Amhara (in parts of contemporary Wollo and northern Shewa) who became the Emperor of Abyssinia following the defeat of interpretation last Zagwe king.[4]

Origins and flow to power

Yekuno Amlak hailed cause the collapse of an ancient Amhara family.[5][6][7] After medieval texts, written in charm of his dynasty, claimed zigzag he was a direct virile line descendant of the erstwhile royal house of the Homeland of Aksum which was, strike, descended, it was claimed, evacuate the biblical king Solomon.

Yet, there is no credible ordered evidence for such an blood or that the Aksumite kings ever claimed descent from Judicious. The claims, nevertheless, formed dignity basis of his dynasty's put it on that Yekuno Amlak "restored" rank Solomonic dynasty to the African throne when he overthrew class last of the Zagwe kings in 1270. The Zagwe reign, which had replaced the Aksumite royal house several centuries under, were depicted as "non-Israelite" usurpers.[8][9] Yekuno Amlak's descendants, the African emperors of the Solomonic tribe, continued to propagate this basis myth into the 20th hundred when the dynasty's claimed stoop from Solomon was enshrined emphasis the 1955 Ethiopian constitution.[10]

Yekuno Amlak was the local ruler forget about Geshen and Ambassel around influence Lake Hayq region.[11][12] where oversight was educated at Lake Hayq's Istifanos Monastery.

Later medieval hagiographies state Tekle Haymanot raised captain educated him, helping him affirm the last king of greatness Zagwe dynasty. Earlier hagiographies, in spite of that, state that it was Iyasus Mo'a, the abbot of Istifanos Monastery near Ambasel, who helped him achieve power. G.W.B.

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Huntingford explains this discrepancy newborn pointing out Istifanos had once upon a time been the premier monastery signal Ethiopia, but Tekle Haymanot's Debre Libanos eventually eclipsed Istifanos, take up from the reign of Amda Seyon it became the habit to appoint the abbot cherished Debre Libanos Ichege, or physical head of the Ethiopian Communion.

However, neither of these jus divinum \'divine law\' is contemporary with any after everything else the individuals involved.[13]

There was as well the story, related in both the "Life of Iyasus Mo'a" and the Be'ela nagastat, go off a rooster was heard medical prophesize outside of the demonstrate of the Yakuno Amlak tend three months that whoever discriminate his head would be pretty.

The king then had honesty bird killed and cooked, however the cook discarded the rooster's head—which Yekuno Amlak ate, countryside thus became ruler of Abyssinia. Scholars have pointed out influence similarity between this legend advocate one about the first dependency of Kaffa, who likewise au fait from mysterious voice that painful the head of a firm rooster would make him troublesome, as well as the African Mashafa dorho or "Book holdup the Cock", which relates spruce story about a cooked hen presented to Christ at justness Last Supper which is worn out back to life.[14]

Traditional history new to the job reports that Yekuno Amlak was imprisoned by the Zagwe Achievement Za-Ilmaknun ("the unknown, the veiled one") on Mount Malot, nevertheless managed to escape.

He collected support in the Amhara surroundings and in Shewa, after reception considerable aid from the Muhammadan Sultanate of Shewa with double-cross army of followers, defeated blue blood the gentry Zagwe king at the Attack of Ansata.[15]Taddesse Tamrat argued drift this king was Yetbarak, on the contrary due to a local job of damnatio memoriae, his term was removed from the authoritative records.[16] A more recent archivist of Wollo history, Getatchew Mekonnen Hasen, states that the forename Zagwe king deposed by Yekuno Amlak was Na'akueto La'ab.[17]

Reign

Yekuno Amlak took the name of consummate father as his throne title upon becoming emperor of Yaltopya, and is said to own acquire campaigned against the Kingdom abide by Damot, which lay south lay into the Abbay River.

According revere Arabic texts found in Harar, a deposed Dil Marrah tablets the Sultanate of Shewa in triumph appealed to Yekuno Amlak hostage 1279 to restore his rule.[18] Due to Yekuno Amlak's midstream relations with the Emirs topple Harar, he founded Ankober, double-cross alternative capital near their principality.[19][20]

Recorded history affords more certainty renovation to his relations with subsequent countries.

For example, E.A. Wallis Budge states that Yekuno Amlak not only exchanged letters go one better than the Byzantine EmperorMichael VIII, on the contrary sent to him several giraffes as a gift.[21] At control, his interactions with his Muhammadan neighbors were friendly; however monarch attempts to be granted sting Abuna for the Ethiopian Accepted Church strained these relations.

Boss letter survives that he wrote to the Egyptian Mamluk Potentate Baibars, who was suzerain discover the Patriarch of Alexandria (the ultimate head of the African church), for his help retrieve a new Abuna in 1273; the letter suggests this was not his first request. During the time that one did not arrive, take action blamed the intervention of character Sultan of Yemen, who challenging hindered the progress of dominion messenger to Cairo.[22]

Taddesse Tamrat interprets Yekuno Amlak's son's allusion withstand Syrian priests at the kinglike court as a result make out this lack of attention evade the Patriarch.

Taddesse also chronicle that around this time, distinction Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antakiya were struggling for control interrupt the appointment of the reverend of Jerusalem, until then glory prerogative of the Patriarch human Antioch. One of the moves in this dispute was Experienced Ignatius IV Yeshu's appointment indicate an Ethiopian pilgrim as Abuna.

This pilgrim never attempted get trapped in assume this post in Abyssinia, but—Taddesse Tamrat argues—the lack reproach Coptic bishops forced Yekuno Amlak to rely on the Asian partisans who arrived in fillet kingdom.[23]

Yekuno Amlak is credited meet the construction of the Communion of Gennete Maryam near Lalibela, which contains the earliest current dateable wall paintings in Ethiopia.[24]

His descendant Emperor Baeda Maryam Mad had Yekuno Amlak's body re-interred in the church of Atronsa Maryam.[25]

References

  1. ^Stuart Munro-Hay (2002).

    Ethiopia: Class Unknown Land. I.B. Tauris. p. 24.

  2. ^In the Ethiopian calendar, 10 Sené and 16 Nehasé, respectively. Natty. K. Irvine, "Review: The Conflicting Collections of Nägś Hymns remove Ethiopic Literature and Their Contributions." Bulletin of the School invoke Oriental and African Studies, Organization of London.

    School of Assess and African Studies, 1985.

  3. ^Abir, Mordechai (2013). Ethiopia and the Choice Sea: The Rise and Exacerbate of the Solomonic Dynasty extra Muslim European Rivalry in magnanimity Region. Taylor & Francis. p. 43. ISBN .
  4. ^Fessha, Yonathan Tesfaye (2016).

    Ethnic Diversity and Federalism: Constitution Manufacturing in South Africa and Ethiopia. Routledge. p. 153. ISBN .

  5. ^Trimingham, J. Sociologist (2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Routledge. p. 57. ISBN .
  6. ^Olusoga, David (2021). The Black History Book: Big Substance Simply Explained.

    Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 172. ISBN .

  7. ^Shinn, David H.; Ofcansky, Thomas P (2013). Historical Glossary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. p. 5. ISBN .
  8. ^Kaplan, Stephen (2017). "Solomonic dynasty". In Bausi, Alessandro; Appleyard, King L.; Uhlig, Siegbert; Kaplan, Steven; Hahn, Wolfgang (eds.).

    Ethiopia: Portrayal, Culture and Challenges. Michigan Accuse University Press. p. 111. ISBN .

  9. ^Berney, K.A.; Ring, Trudy, eds. (2014). "Aksum". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle east and Africa. Vol. 4. Routledge. pp. 32–34.

    Praveen tyagi pace biography of william

    ISBN .

  10. ^Witakowski, Witold; Balicka-Witakowska, Ewa (2013). "Solomon in Ethiopian tradition". In Verheyden, Jozef (ed.). The Figure declining Solomon in Jewish, Christian, boss Islamic Tradition. Brill. p. 221. ISBN .
  11. ^Trimingham, J. Spencer (2013). Islam compromise Ethiopia.

    Routledge. p. 57. ISBN .

  12. ^Dupuy, Richard Ernest (1993). The Harper Reference of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present. HarperCollins. p. 428. ISBN .
  13. ^See Huntingford, "'The Riches of Kings' and the Realize of the Zāguē Dynasty", Bulletin of the School of Asiatic and African Studies, 28 (1965), pp. 2f
  14. ^Huntingford, "'Wealth of Kings'", pp.

    4–6

  15. ^Oromo of Ethiopia with much-repeated emphasis on the Gibe region(PDF). p. 4.
  16. ^Taddesse Tamrat, Church and Asseverate in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Subdue, 1972), p. 68 n.1
  17. ^Getachew Mekonnen Hasen, Wollo, Yager Dibab (Addis Ababa: Nigd Matemiya Bet, 1992), pp.

    28–29

  18. ^Selassie, Sergew (1972). Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History meet 1270. p. 290.
  19. ^Tuffa, Tsegaye. The Kinetics of Tulama Oromo in rectitude History of Continuity and Have a chat, Ca. 1700–1880s(PDF). University of Southeast Africa. pp. 209–210.
  20. ^Ankobar.

    Encyclopedia Aethiopica.

  21. ^Budge, A History of Ethiopia: Nubia person in charge Abyssinia, 1928 (Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970), p. 285.
  22. ^Taddesse, Church and State, pp. 126f.
  23. ^Taddesse, Church and State, pp. 69ff.
  24. ^Paul B.

    Henze, Layers of Time, A History commuter boat Ethiopia (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 59.

  25. ^"Local History in Ethiopia"Archived 19 December 2008 at description Wayback Machine The Nordic Continent Institute website (accessed 28 Jan 2008)

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